What is camelCase?
camelCase is a programming naming convention where the first word is lowercase and every subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, with no separators between them. The name comes from the "humps" the capitals form, like a camel's back.
It's the de facto standard for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, C#, Swift, Kotlin, Objective-C, and most other curly-brace languages with an OOP heritage.
When to use camelCase
- JavaScript / TypeScript variables and functions —
userName,getUserById. - Java methods and local variables.
- JSON object keys in most modern APIs.
- C#, Swift, Kotlin, Objective-C instance variables.
- CSS-in-JS property names (since CSS hyphens become camelCase in JS objects).
- GraphQL field names.
How camelCase conversion works
- The input is tokenized into individual words. Separators (spaces, underscores, hyphens, dots, slashes) are split points. Internal camelCase humps and ALLCAPS acronym runs are also recognized — so
HTMLParsertokenizes toHTML+Parser, not as one word. - Each word is lowercased.
- The first letter of every word except the first is capitalized.
- All words are concatenated with no separator.
Worked examples
| Input | camelCase |
|---|---|
user name |
userName |
XMLHttpRequest |
xmlHttpRequest |
parse HTML document |
parseHtmlDocument |
user_full_name |
userFullName |
Related case formats
PascalCase
→ Convert text to PascalCase
snake_case→ Convert text to snake_case
kebab-case→ Convert text to kebab-case
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